GHSA-x2rj-828p-hx9m

### Summary

Xinference used Python's unsafe `eval()` function when parsing Llama3 tool-call output generated by a large language model. Because the model output can be influenced by attacker-controlled prompts sent to the chat completion API, a remote attacker can craft prompts that cause the model to return a Python expression. Xinference then evaluates that expression on the server while post-processing the tool-call result. In the tested default deployment, authentication was not enabled, so the vulnerability was exploitable by an unauthenticated remote attacker through the `/v1/chat/completions` endpoint.

### Details

Users can interact with deployed models through Xinference's OpenAI-compatible `/v1/chat/completions` API. The request entry point is implemented in `xinference/api/restful_api.py`; non-streaming requests call the model instance's `chat()` method and return the inference result.

When the Transformers backend is used, inference results flow through the batching logic in `xinference/model/llm/transformers/core.py`. Non-streaming chat results are handled by `handle_chat_result_non_streaming()`. If the request contains a `tools` field, Xinference calls `_post_process_completion()` to parse tool-call output from the model response.

The Llama3 tool-call parser is implemented in `xinference/model/llm/tool_parsers/llama3_tool_parser.py`. In affected versions, `extract_tool_calls()` parsed model output with `eval()`:

```python def extract_tool_calls( self, model_output: str ) -> List[Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[str], Optional[Dict[str, Any]]]]: try: data = eval(model_output, {}, {}) return [(None, data["name"], data["parameters"])] except Exception: return [(model_output, None, None)] ```

The intended behavior was to convert a Python dictionary-like string generated by the model into a dictionary object. However, `eval()` executes the input as a Python expression, and `eval(model_output, {}, {})` is not a security sandbox. If an attacker can influence the model output through prompt injection or direct chat input, the attacker can cause the model to return an expression such as:

```python __import__('os').system('touch /tmp/hacked') ```

When the expression reaches `eval()`, it is executed in the Xinference server process context. The harmless `touch /tmp/hacked` command can be replaced with other payloads, such as a reverse shell, malware download, sensitive file read, or lateral-movement payload.

### Score

Severity: Critical

CVSS v3.1: 10.0

Vector: `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H`

Rationale:

- AV:N: the vulnerable API is remotely reachable over the network; - AC:L: exploitation only requires a crafted chat-completion request and tool-call parameter; - PR:N: the tested default configuration did not require authentication; - UI:N: no user interaction is required; - S:C: command execution can affect resources beyond the Xinference application boundary; - C:H/I:H/A:H: remote code execution can fully compromise confidentiality, integrity, and availability.

### Credit

This vulnerability was discovered by:

- XlabAI Team of Tencent Xuanwu Lab (xlabai@tencent.com) - Atuin Automated Vulnerability Discovery Engine - Guannan Wang (wgnbuaa@gmail.com), Zhanpeng Liu (pkugenuine@gmail.com), Guancheng Li (lgcpku@gmail.com)