GHSA-rvv3-g6hj-g44x

### Summary

AutoMapper is vulnerable to a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. When mapping deeply nested object graphs, the library uses recursive method calls without enforcing a default maximum depth limit. This allows an attacker to provide a specially crafted object graph that exhausts the thread's stack memory, triggering a `StackOverflowException` and causing the entire application process to terminate.

### Description

The vulnerability exists in the core mapping engine. When a source object contains a property of the same type (or a type that eventually points back to itself), AutoMapper recursively attempts to map each level.

Because there is no default limit on how many levels deep this recursion can go, a sufficiently nested object (approximately 25,000+ levels in standard .NET environments) will exceed the stack size. Since `StackOverflowException` cannot be caught in modern .NET runtimes, the application cannot recover and will crash immediately.

### Impact

* **Availability:** An attacker can crash the application server, leading to a complete Denial of Service. * **Process Termination:** Unlike standard exceptions, this terminates the entire process, not just the individual request thread.

### Proof of Concept (PoC)

The following C# code demonstrates the crash by creating a nested "Circular" object graph and attempting to map it:

```csharp class Circular { public Circular Self { get; set; } }

// Setup configuration var config = new MapperConfiguration(cfg => { cfg.CreateMap<Circular, Circular>(); }); var mapper = config.CreateMapper();

// Create a deeply nested object (28,000+ levels) var root = new Circular(); var current = root; for (int i = 0; i < 30000; i++) { current.Self = new Circular(); current = current.Self; }

// This call triggers the StackOverflowException and crashes the process mapper.Map<Circular>(root);

```

### Recommended Mitigation

1. **Secure Defaults:** Implement a default `MaxDepth` (e.g., 32 or 64) for all mapping operations. 2. **Configurable Limit:** Allow users to increase this limit if necessary, but ensure it is enabled by default to protect unsuspecting developers.